Model (JavaLite - Java, light as a feather 2.3.2-j8 API)

java.lang.Object
- org.javalite.activejdbc.Model

All Implemented Interfaces:

Externalizable, Serializable

Direct Known Subclasses:

Book, Library, Reader
```
public abstract class Model
extends Object
implements Externalizable
```
This class is a super class of all "models" and provides most functionality necessary for implementation of Active Record pattern.

Author:

Igor Polevoy, Eric Nielsen

See Also:

Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Modifier Constructor and Description

protected Model()

protected Model(MetaModel metaModel, ModelRegistry modelRegistry)

Constructors
Modifier	Constructor and Description
`protected`	`Model()`
`protected`	`Model(MetaModel metaModel, ModelRegistry modelRegistry)`

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`void`	`add(Model child)` Adds a new child dependency.
`void`	`addError(String key, String value)` Adds a new error to the collection of errors.
`<T extends Model> void`	`addModels(List<T> models)` Convenience method.
`protected static void`	`addScope(String name, String criteria)` Use in a static block of a model definotion to add a scope.
`static ValidationBuilder`	`addValidator(Validator validator)` Adds a validator to the model.
`void`	`addValidator(Validator validator, String errorKey)` Binds a validator to an attribute if validation fails.
`protected void`	`afterCreate()`
`protected void`	`afterDelete()`
`protected void`	`afterLoad()`
`protected void`	`afterSave()`
`protected void`	`afterUpdate()`
`protected void`	`afterValidation()`
`static List<Association>`	`associations()` Returns all associations of this model.
`static Set<String>`	`attributeNames()` Returns names of all attributes from this model.
`void`	`beforeClosingBrace(StringBuilder sb, boolean pretty, String indent, String... attributeNames)` Override in subclasses in order to inject custom content into Json just before the closing brace.
`void`	`beforeClosingTag(StringBuilder sb, boolean pretty, String indent, String... attributeNames)` Override in a subclass to inject custom content onto XML just before the closing tag.
`protected void`	`beforeCreate()`
`protected void`	`beforeDelete()`
`protected void`	`beforeSave()`
`protected void`	`beforeUpdate()`
`protected void`	`beforeValidation()`
`static boolean`	`belongsTo(Class<? extends Model> targetClass)`
`protected static void`	`blankToNull(String... attributeNames)` Registers `BlankToNullConverter` for specified attributes.
`static void`	`callbackWith(CallbackListener... listeners)` Sets lifecycle listeners on current model.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`convertDate(String attributeName, String format)` Converts a named attribute to `java.sql.Date` if possible.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`convertTimestamp(String attributeName, String format)` Converts a named attribute to `java.sql.Timestamp` if possible.
`protected static void`	`convertWith(Converter converter, String... attributeNames)` Registers a custom converter for the specified attributes.
`void`	`copyFrom(Model other)` Copies all attribute values (except for ID, created_at and updated_at) from other instance to this one.
`void`	`copyTo(Model other)` Copies all attribute values (except for ID, created_at and updated_at) from this instance to the other.
`static Long`	`count()` Returns total count of records in table.
`static Long`	`count(String query, Object... params)` Returns count of records in table under a condition.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`create(Object... namesAndValues)` This is a convenience method to create a model instance already initialized with values.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`createIt(Object... namesAndValues)` This is a convenience method to `create(Object...)`.
`protected static void`	`dateFormat(DateFormat format, String... attributeNames)` Registers date format for specified attributes.
`protected static void`	`dateFormat(String pattern, String... attributeNames)` Registers date format for specified attributes.
`void`	`defrost()` Synonym for `thaw()`.
`boolean`	`delete()` Deletes a single table record represented by this instance.
`void`	`delete(boolean cascade)` Convenience method, will call `delete()` or `deleteCascade()`.
`static int`	`delete(String query, Object... params)` Deletes some records from associated table.
`static int`	`deleteAll()` Deletes all records from associated table.
`void`	`deleteCascade()` Deletes this record from associated table, as well as children.
`void`	`deleteCascadeExcept(Association... excludedAssociations)` This method does everything `deleteCascade()` does, but in addition allows to exclude some associations from this action.
`void`	`deleteCascadeShallow()` Deletes this record from associated table, as well as its immediate children.
`<T extends Model> void`	`deleteChildrenShallow(Class<T> clazz)` Deletes immediate children (does not walk the dependency tree).
`protected Set<String>`	`dirtyAttributeNames()`
`Errors`	`errors()` Provides an instance of `Errors` object, filled with error messages after validation.
`Errors`	`errors(Locale locale)` Provides an instance of localized `Errors` object, filled with error messages after validation.
`boolean`	`exists()` Returns true if record corresponding to the id of this instance exists in the DB.
`static boolean`	`exists(Object id)` Returns true if record corresponding to the id passed exists in the DB.
`static <T extends Model> LazyList<T>`	`find(String subquery, Object... params)` Synonym of `where(String, Object...)`
`static <T extends Model> LazyList<T>`	`findAll()` This method returns all records from this table.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`findByCompositeKeys(Object... values)` Composite PK values in exactly the same order as specified in `CompositePK`.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`findById(Object id)`
`static <T extends Model> LazyList<T>`	`findBySQL(String fullQuery, Object... params)` Free form query finder.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`findFirst(String subQuery, Object... params)` Synonym of `first(String, Object...)`.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`findOrCreateIt(Object... namesAndValues)` A convenience method to fetch existing model from db or to create and insert new record with attribute values.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`findOrInit(Object... namesAndValues)` A convenience method to fetch existing model from db or to create a new instance in memory initialized with some attribute values.
`static void`	`findWith(ModelListener listener, String query, Object... params)` This method is for processing really large result sets.
`static <T extends Model> T`	`first(String subQuery, Object... params)` Returns a first result for this condition.
`<T extends Model> T`	`fromMap(Map input)` Overrides attribute values from input map.
`void`	`fromXml(String xml)` Parses XML into a model.
`boolean`	`frozen()` Synonym for `isFrozen()`.
`<C extends Model> LazyList<C>`	`get(Class<C> targetModelClass, String criteria, Object... params)` Provides a list of child models in one to many, many to many and polymorphic associations, but in addition also allows to filter this list by criteria.
`Object`	`get(String attributeName)` Returns a value for attribute.
`<C extends Model> LazyList<C>`	`getAll(Class<C> clazz)` This methods supports one to many, many to many relationships as well as polymorphic associations.
`protected Map<String,Object>`	`getAttributes()`
`BigDecimal`	`getBigDecimal(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `java.math.BigDecimal`.
`Boolean`	`getBoolean(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Boolean`.
`byte[]`	`getBytes(String attributeName)` Gets a value as bytes.
`String[]`	`getCompositeKeys()` Provides a list of composite keys as specified in `CompositePK`.
`Date`	`getDate(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `java.sql.Date`.
`Double`	`getDouble(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Double`.
`Float`	`getFloat(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Float`.
`Object`	`getId()` Value of ID.
`String`	`getIdName()` Name of ID column.
`Integer`	`getInteger(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Integer`.
`Long`	`getLong(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Long`.
`Long`	`getLongId()` Convenience method: converts ID value to Long and returns it.
`static MetaModel`	`getMetaModel()` Provides `MetaModel` object related to this model class.
`Short`	`getShort(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `Short`.
`String`	`getString(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `String`.
`static String`	`getTableName()` Returns name of corresponding table.
`Time`	`getTime(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `java.sql.Time`.
`Timestamp`	`getTimestamp(String attributeName)` Gets attribute value as `java.sql.Timestamp`.
`static List<Validator>`	`getValidators(Class<? extends Model> clazz)`
`boolean`	`hasErrors()`
`protected Set<String>`	`hydrate(Map<String,Object> attributesMap, boolean fireAfterLoad)` Hydrates a this instance of model from a map.
`boolean`	`insert()` This method will save a model as new.
`static boolean`	`isCached()`
`boolean`	`isFrozen()` Will return true if this instance is frozen, false otherwise.
`boolean`	`isModified()` Will return true if any attribute of this instance was changed after latest load/save.
`boolean`	`isNew()` returns true if this is a new instance, not saved yet to DB, false otherwise.
`boolean`	`isValid()` This method performs validations and then returns true if no errors were generated, otherwise returns false.
`void`	`manageTime(boolean manage)` Turns off automatic management of time-related attributes `created_at` and `updated_at`.
`static MetaModel`	`metaModel()` Synonym of `getMetaModel()`.
`boolean`	`modified()` Synonym for `isModified()`.
`<P extends Model> P`	`parent(Class<P> parentClass)` Returns parent of this model, assuming that this table represents a child.
`<P extends Model> P`	`parent(Class<P> parentClass, boolean cache)` Same as `parent(Class)`, with additional argument.
`static void`	`purgeCache()` Use to force-purge cache associated with this table.
`void`	`readExternal(ObjectInput in)`
`void`	`refresh()` Re-reads all attribute values from DB.
`int`	`remove(Model child)` Removes associated child from this instance.
`static void`	`removeValidator(Validator validator)` Removes a validator from model.
`void`	`reset()` Resets all data in this model, including the ID.
`boolean`	`save()` This method will save data from this instance to a corresponding table in the DB.
`boolean`	`saveIt()` This method will not exit silently like `save()`, it instead will throw `ValidationException` if validations did not pass.
`static <T extends Model> ScopeBuilder<T>`	`scope(String scope)` Allows to specify multiple scopes as filters such as:
`static <T extends Model> ScopeBuilder<T>`	`scopes(String... scopes)` Allows to specify multiple scopes as filters such as:
`<T extends Model> T`	`set(Object... namesAndValues)` This is a convenience method to set multiple values to a model.
`void`	`set(String[] attributeNames, Object[] values)` Sets values for this model instance.
`<T extends Model> T`	`set(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets a value of an attribute.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setBigDecimal(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `java.math.BigDecimal`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setBoolean(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Boolean`.
`protected void`	`setCachedParent(Model parent)`
`protected void`	`setChildren(Class childClass, List<Model> children)`
`<T extends Model> T`	`setDate(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `java.sql.Date`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setDouble(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Double`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setFloat(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Float`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setId(Object id)` Convenience method, sets ID value on this model, equivalent to `set(getIdName(), id)`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setInteger(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Integer`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setLong(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Long`.
`void`	`setParent(Model parent)` Sets a parent on this instance.
`void`	`setParents(Model... parents)` Sets multiple parents on this instance.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setShort(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `Short`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setString(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `String`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setTime(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `java.sql.Time`.
`<T extends Model> T`	`setTimestamp(String attributeName, Object value)` Sets attribute value as `java.sql.Timestamp`.
`void`	`thaw()` Unfreezes this model.
`protected static void`	`timestampFormat(DateFormat format, String... attributeNames)` Registers date format for specified attributes.
`protected static void`	`timestampFormat(String pattern, String... attributeNames)` Registers date format for specified attributes.
`String`	`toInsert(Dialect dialect, String... replacements)` Generates INSERT SQL based on this model with the provided dialect.
`String`	`toInsert(String... replacements)` Generates INSERT SQL based on this model.
`String`	`toJson(boolean pretty, String... attributeNames)` Generates a JSON document from content of this model.
`protected void`	`toJsonP(StringBuilder sb, boolean pretty, String indent, String... attributeNames)`
`Map<String,Object>`	`toMap()` Returns all values of the model with all attribute names converted to lower case, regardless how these names came from DB.
`String`	`toString()`
`String`	`toUpdate(Dialect dialect, String... replacements)` Generates UPDATE SQL based on this model with the provided dialect.
`String`	`toUpdate(String... replacements)` Generates UPDATE SQL based on this model.
`String`	`toXml(boolean pretty, boolean declaration, String... attributeNames)` Generates a XML document from content of this model.
`protected void`	`toXmlP(StringBuilder sb, boolean pretty, String indent, String... attributeNames)`
`static int`	`update(String updates, String conditions, Object... params)` Updates records associated with this model.
`static int`	`updateAll(String updates, Object... params)` Updates all records associated with this model.
`void`	`validate()` Executes all validators attached to this model.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`validateEmailOf(String attributeName)` Validates email format.
`protected static NumericValidationBuilder`	`validateNumericalityOf(String... attributeNames)`
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`validatePresenceOf(String... attributeNames)` The validation will not pass if the value is either an empty string "", or null.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`validateRange(String attributeName, Number min, Number max)` Validates range.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`validateRegexpOf(String attributeName, String pattern)` Validates an attribite format with a ree hand regular expression.
`protected static ValidationBuilder`	`validateWith(Validator validator)` Add a custom validator to the model.
`static <T extends Model> LazyList<T>`	`where(String subquery, Object... params)` Finder method for DB queries based on table represented by this model.
`void`	`writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)`
`protected static void`	`zeroToNull(String... attributeNames)` Registers `ZeroToNullConverter` for specified attributes.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - Model
```
protected Model()
```
  - Model
```
protected Model(MetaModel metaModel,
                ModelRegistry modelRegistry)
```
- Method Detail
  - getMetaModel
```
public static MetaModel getMetaModel()
```
    Provides MetaModel object related to this model class.
    Synonym of metaModel().
    
    Returns:
    
    MetaModel object related to this model class.
  - metaModel
```
public static MetaModel metaModel()
```
    Synonym of getMetaModel().
    
    Returns:
    
    MetaModel of this model.
  - getAttributes
```
protected Map<String,Object> getAttributes()
```
  - dirtyAttributeNames
```
protected Set<String> dirtyAttributeNames()
```
  - fromMap
```
public <T extends Model> T fromMap(Map input)
```
    Overrides attribute values from input map. The input map may have attributes whose name do not match the attribute names (columns) of this model. Such attributes will be ignored. Those values whose names are not present in the argument map, will stay untouched. The input map may have only partial list of attributes.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - map with attributes to overwrite this models'. Keys are names of attributes of this model, values are new values for it.
  - findOrCreateIt
```
public static <T extends Model> T findOrCreateIt(Object... namesAndValues)
```
    A convenience method to fetch existing model from db or to create and insert new record with attribute values.
    
    Parameters:
    
    namesAndValues - names and values. elements at indexes 0, 2, 4, 8... are attribute names, and elements at indexes 1, 3, 5... are values. Element at index 1 is a value for attribute at index 0 and so on.
    
    Returns:
    
    Model fetched from the db or newly created and saved instance.
  - findOrInit
```
public static <T extends Model> T findOrInit(Object... namesAndValues)
```
    A convenience method to fetch existing model from db or to create a new instance in memory initialized with some attribute values.
    
    Parameters:
    
    namesAndValues - names and values. elements at indexes 0, 2, 4, 8... are attribute names, and elements at indexes 1, 3, 5... are values. Element at index 1 is a value for attribute at index 0 and so on.
    
    Returns:
    
    Model fetched from the db or newly created and initialized object.
  - hydrate
```
protected Set<String> hydrate(Map<String,Object> attributesMap,
                              boolean fireAfterLoad)
```
    Hydrates a this instance of model from a map. Only picks values from a map that match this instance's attribute names, while ignoring the others.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributesMap -
    
    fireAfterLoad -
    
    Returns:
    
    the set of changed (i.e. dirty) attribute names
  - setId
```
public <T extends Model> T setId(Object id)
```
    Convenience method, sets ID value on this model, equivalent to set(getIdName(), id).
    
    Parameters:
    
    id - value of ID
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to self for chaining.
  - setDate
```
public <T extends Model> T setDate(String attributeName,
                                   Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as java.sql.Date. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Date, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toSqlDate(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value to convert.
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - getDate
```
public Date getDate(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as java.sql.Date. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Date, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toSqlDate(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to java.sql.Date
  - set
```
public void set(String[] attributeNames,
                Object[] values)
```
    Sets values for this model instance. The sequence of values must correspond to sequence of names.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeNames - names of attributes.
    
    values - values for this instance.
  - set
```
public <T extends Model> T set(String attributeName,
                               Object value)
```
    Sets a value of an attribute. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Object, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used and the converted value will be set.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to set. Names not related to this model will be rejected (those not matching table columns).
    
    value - value of attribute. Feel free to set any type, as long as it can be accepted by your driver.
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to self, so you can string these methods one after another.
  - isModified
```
public boolean isModified()
```
    Will return true if any attribute of this instance was changed after latest load/save. (Instance state differs from state in DB)
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this instance was modified.
  - isFrozen
```
public boolean isFrozen()
```
    Will return true if this instance is frozen, false otherwise. A frozen instance cannot use used, as it has no relation to a record in table.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this instance is frozen, false otherwise.
  - modified
```
public boolean modified()
```
    Synonym for isModified().
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this instance was modified.
  - attributeNames
```
public static Set<String> attributeNames()
```
    Returns names of all attributes from this model.
    
    Returns:
    
    names of all attributes from this model.
  - associations
```
public static List<Association> associations()
```
    Returns all associations of this model.
    
    Returns:
    
    all associations of this model.
  - isNew
```
public boolean isNew()
```
    returns true if this is a new instance, not saved yet to DB, false otherwise.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this is a new instance, not saved yet to DB, false otherwise
  - frozen
```
public boolean frozen()
```
    Synonym for isFrozen(). if(m.frozen()) seems to read better than classical Java convention.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if this instance is frozen, false otherwise.
  - delete
```
public boolean delete()
```
    Deletes a single table record represented by this instance. This method assumes that a corresponding table has only one record whose PK is the ID of this instance. After deletion, this instance becomes frozen() and cannot be used anymore until thaw() is called.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if a record was deleted, false if not.
  - delete
```
public void delete(boolean cascade)
```
    Convenience method, will call delete() or deleteCascade().
    
    Parameters:
    
    cascade - true to call deleteCascade(), false to call delete().
  - deleteCascade
```
public void deleteCascade()
```
    Deletes this record from associated table, as well as children. Deletes current model and all of its child and many to many associations. This is not a high performance method, as it will load every row into a model instance before deleting, effectively calling (N + 1) per table queries to the DB, one to select all the associated records (per table), and one delete statement per record. Use it for small data sets.
    In cases of simple one to many and polymorphic associations, things are as expected, a parent is deleted an all children are deleted as well, but in more complicated cases, this method will walk entire three of associated tables, sometimes coming back to the same one where it all started. It will follow associations of children and their associations too; consider this a true cascade delete with all implications (circular dependencies, referential integrity constraints, potential performance bottlenecks, etc.)
    Imagine a situation where you have DOCTORS and PATIENTS in many to many relationship (with DOCTORS_PATIENTS table as a join table), and in addition PATIENTS and PRESCRIPTIONS in one to many relationship, where a patient might have many prescriptions:
```
     DOCTORS
     +----+------------+-----------+-----------------+
     | id | first_name | last_name | discipline      |
     +----+------------+-----------+-----------------+
     |  1 | John       | Kentor    | otolaryngology  |
     |  2 | Hellen     | Hunt      | dentistry       |
     |  3 | John       | Druker    | oncology        |
     +----+------------+-----------+-----------------+

     PATIENTS
     +----+------------+-----------+
     | id | first_name | last_name |
     +----+------------+-----------+
     |  1 | Jim        | Cary      |
     |  2 | John       | Carpenter |
     |  3 | John       | Doe       |
     +----+------------+-----------+

     DOCTORS_PATIENTS
     +----+-----------+------------+
     | id | doctor_id | patient_id |
     +----+-----------+------------+
     |  1 |         1 |          2 |
     |  2 |         1 |          1 |
     |  3 |         2 |          1 |
     |  4 |         3 |          3 |
     +----+-----------+------------+

     PRESCRIPTIONS
     +----+------------------------+------------+
     | id | name                   | patient_id |
     +----+------------------------+------------+
     |  1 | Viagra                 |          1 |
     |  2 | Prozac                 |          1 |
     |  3 | Valium                 |          2 |
     |  4 | Marijuana (medicinal)  |          2 |
     |  5 | CML treatment          |          3 |
     +----+------------------------+------------+
 
```
    Lets start with a simple example, Doctor John Druker. This doctor has one patient John Doe, and the patient has one prescription. So, when an instance of this doctor model is issued statement:
```
     drDruker.deleteCascade();
 
```
    , the result is as expected: the DOCTORS:ID=3 is deleted, DOCTORS_PATIENTS:ID=4 is deleted, PATIENTS:ID=3 is deleted and PRESCRIPTIONS:ID=5 is deleted.
    However, when doctor Kentor(#1) is deleted, the following records are also deleted:
    - DOCTORS_PATIENTS:ID=1, 2 - these are links to patients
    - PATIENTS:ID=1,2 these are patients themselves
    - PRESCRIPTIONS:ID=1,2,3,4 - these are prescriptions of patients 1 and 2
    But, in addition, since this is a many to many relationship, deleting patients 1 and 2 results in also deleting doctor Hellen Hunt(#2), since she is a doctor of patient Jim Cary(#1), deleting all corresponding join links from table DOCTORS_PATIENTS. So, deleting doctor Kentor, deleted most all records from related tables, leaving only these records in place:
    - DOCTORS:ID=3
    - DOCTORS_PATIENTS:ID=4
    - PATIENTS:ID=3
    - PRESCRIPTIONS:ID=5
    Had doctor Hellen Hunt(#2) had more patients, it would delete them too, and so on. This goes a long way to say that it could be easy to be tangled up in web of associations, so be careful out there.
    After deletion, this instance becomes frozen() and cannot be used anymore until thaw() is called.
  - deleteCascadeExcept
```
public void deleteCascadeExcept(Association... excludedAssociations)
```
    This method does everything deleteCascade() does, but in addition allows to exclude some associations from this action. This is necessary because deleteCascade() method can be far too eager to delete records in a database, and this is a good way to tell the model to exclude some associations from deletes.
    Example:
    Patient.findById(3).deleteCascadeExcept(Patient.getMetaModel().getAssociationForTarget("prescriptions"));
    
    Parameters:
    
    excludedAssociations - associations
    
    See Also:
    
    deleteCascade()
  - deleteCascadeShallow
```
public void deleteCascadeShallow()
```
    Deletes this record from associated table, as well as its immediate children. This is a high performance method because it does not walk through a chain of child dependencies like deleteCascade() does, but rather issues one DELETE statement per child dependency table. Also, its semantics are a bit different between than deleteCascade(). It only deletes current record and immediate children, but not their children (no grand kinds are dead as a result :)).
    One to many and polymorphic associations
    The current record is deleted, as well as immediate children.
    Many to many associations
    The current record is deleted, as well as links in a join table. Nothing else is deleted.
    After deletion, this instance becomes frozen() and cannot be used anymore until thaw() is called.
  - deleteChildrenShallow
```
public <T extends Model> void deleteChildrenShallow(Class<T> clazz)
```
    Deletes immediate children (does not walk the dependency tree). If you have integrity constraints in the DB that are not accounted by this call, you will get DB exceptions.
    
    One to many and polymorphic associations
    Deletes all child records.
    Many to many associations
    Deletes links in a join table. Nothing else is deleted.
    
    Parameters:
    
    clazz - type of a child to delete
  - delete
```
public static int delete(String query,
                         Object... params)
```
    Deletes some records from associated table. This method does not follow any associations. If this model has one to many associations, you might end up with either orphan records in child tables, or run into integrity constraint violations. However, this method if very efficient as it deletes all records in one shot, without pre-loading them. This method also has a side-effect: it will not mark loaded instances corresponding to deleted records as "frozen". This means that such an instance would allow calling save() and saveIt() methods resulting DB errors, as you would be attempting to update phantom records.
    Parameters:
    query - narrows which records to delete. Example:
    "last_name like '%sen%'"
    .
    params - (optional) - list of parameters if a query is parametrized.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of deleted records.
  - exists
```
public static boolean exists(Object id)
```
    Returns true if record corresponding to the id passed exists in the DB.
    
    Parameters:
    
    id - id in question.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if corresponding record exists in DB, false if it does not.
  - exists
```
public boolean exists()
```
    Returns true if record corresponding to the id of this instance exists in the DB.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if corresponding record exists in DB, false if it does not.
  - deleteAll
```
public static int deleteAll()
```
    Deletes all records from associated table. This methods does not take associations into account.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of records deleted.
  - update
```
public static int update(String updates,
                         String conditions,
                         Object... params)
```
    Updates records associated with this model. This example :
```
  Employee.update("bonus = ?", "years_at_company > ?", "5", "10");
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    updates - - what needs to be updated.
    
    conditions - specifies which records to update. If this argument is null, all records in table will be updated. In such cases, use a more explicit updateAll(String, Object...) method.
    
    params - list of parameters for both updates and conditions. Applied in the same order as in the arguments, updates first, then conditions.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of updated records.
  - updateAll
```
public static int updateAll(String updates,
                            Object... params)
```
    Updates all records associated with this model. This example :
```
  Employee.updateAll("bonus = ?", "10");
 
```
    In this example, all employees get a bonus of 10%.
    Parameters:
    
    updates - - what needs to be updated.
    
    params - list of parameters for both updates and conditions. Applied in the same order as in the arguments, updates first, then conditions.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of updated records.
  - toMap
```
public Map<String,Object> toMap()
```
    Returns all values of the model with all attribute names converted to lower case, regardless how these names came from DB. This method is a convenience method for displaying values on web pages.
    If LazyList.include(Class[]) method was used, and this model belongs to a parent (as in many to one relationship), then the parent will be eagerly loaded and also converted to a map. Parents' maps are keyed in the returned map by underscored name of a parent model class name.
    For example, if this model were Address and a parent is User (and user has many addresses), then the resulting map would have all the attributes of the current table and another map representing a parent user with a key "user" in current map.
    
    Returns:
    
    all values of the model with all attribute names converted to lower case.
  - toString
```
public String toString()
```
    Overrides:
    
    toString in class Object
  - fromXml
```
public void fromXml(String xml)
```
    Parses XML into a model. It expects the same structure of XML as the method toXml(boolean, boolean, String...). It ignores children and dependencies (for now) if any. This method will parse the model attributes from the XML document, and will then call fromMap(java.util.Map) method. It does not save data into a database, just sets the attributes.
    
    Parameters:
    
    xml - xml to read model attributes from.
  - toXml
```
public String toXml(boolean pretty,
                    boolean declaration,
                    String... attributeNames)
```
    Generates a XML document from content of this model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    pretty - pretty format (human readable), or one line text.
    
    declaration - true to include XML declaration at the top
    
    attributeNames - list of attributes to include. No arguments == include all attributes.
    
    Returns:
    
    generated XML.
  - toXmlP
```
protected void toXmlP(StringBuilder sb,
                      boolean pretty,
                      String indent,
                      String... attributeNames)
```
  - beforeClosingTag
```
public void beforeClosingTag(StringBuilder sb,
                             boolean pretty,
                             String indent,
                             String... attributeNames)
```
    Override in a subclass to inject custom content onto XML just before the closing tag.
    To keep the formatting, it is recommended to implement this method as the example below.
    if (pretty) { sb.append(indent); } sb.append("<test>...</test>"); if (pretty) { sb.append('\n'); }
    Parameters:
    
    sb - to write content to.
    
    pretty - pretty format (human readable), or one line text.
    
    indent - indent at current level
    
    attributeNames - list of attributes to include
  - toJson
```
public String toJson(boolean pretty,
                     String... attributeNames)
```
    Generates a JSON document from content of this model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    pretty - pretty format (human readable), or one line text.
    
    attributeNames - list of attributes to include. No arguments == include all attributes.
    
    Returns:
    
    generated JSON.
  - toJsonP
```
protected void toJsonP(StringBuilder sb,
                       boolean pretty,
                       String indent,
                       String... attributeNames)
```
  - beforeClosingBrace
```
public void beforeClosingBrace(StringBuilder sb,
                               boolean pretty,
                               String indent,
                               String... attributeNames)
```
    Override in subclasses in order to inject custom content into Json just before the closing brace.
    To keep the formatting, it is recommended to implement this method as the example below.
    sb.append(','); if (pretty) { sb.append('\n').append(indent); } sb.append("\"test\":\"...\"");
    Parameters:
    
    sb - to write custom content to
    
    pretty - pretty format (human readable), or one line text.
    
    indent - indent at current level
    
    attributeNames - list of attributes to include
  - parent
```
public <P extends Model> P parent(Class<P> parentClass)
```
    Returns parent of this model, assuming that this table represents a child. This method may return null in cases when you have orphan record and referential integrity is not enforced in DBMS with a foreign key constraint.
    
    Parameters:
    
    parentClass - class of a parent model.
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of a parent of this instance in the "belongs to" relationship if found, ot null if not found.
  - parent
```
public <P extends Model> P parent(Class<P> parentClass,
                                  boolean cache)
```
    Same as parent(Class), with additional argument.
    
    Parameters:
    
    parentClass - class of a parent model
    
    cache - true to also cache a found instance for future reference.
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of a parent of this instance in the "belongs to" relationship if found, ot null if not found.
  - setCachedParent
```
protected void setCachedParent(Model parent)
```
  - setParents
```
public void setParents(Model... parents)
```
    Sets multiple parents on this instance. Basically this sets a correct value of a foreign keys in a parent/child relationship. This only works for one to many and polymorphic associations.
    
    Parameters:
    
    parents - - collection of potential parents of this instance. Its ID values must not be null.
  - setParent
```
public void setParent(Model parent)
```
    Sets a parent on this instance. Basically this sets a correct value of a foreign key in a parent/child relationship. This only works for one to many and polymorphic associations. The act of setting a parent does not result in saving to a database.
    
    Parameters:
    
    parent - potential parent of this instance. Its ID value must not be null.
  - copyTo
```
public void copyTo(Model other)
```
    Copies all attribute values (except for ID, created_at and updated_at) from this instance to the other.
    
    Parameters:
    
    other - target model.
  - copyFrom
```
public void copyFrom(Model other)
```
    Copies all attribute values (except for ID, created_at and updated_at) from other instance to this one.
    
    Parameters:
    
    other - source model.
  - refresh
```
public void refresh()
```
    Re-reads all attribute values from DB. Will invalidate cache and will force a trip to the database.
  - get
```
public Object get(String attributeName)
```
    Returns a value for attribute. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Object, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used.
    Infer relationship from name of argument
    Besides returning direct attributes of this model, this method is also aware of relationships and can return collections based on naming conventions. For example, if a model User has a one to many relationship with a model Address, then the following code will work:
```
 Address address = ...;
 User user = (User)address.get("user");
 
```
    Conversely, this will also work:
```
 List<Address> addresses = (List<Address>)user.get("addresses");
 
```
    The same would also work for many to many relationships:
```
 List<Doctor> doctors = (List<Doctor>)patient.get("doctors");
 ...
 List<Patient> patients = (List<Patient>)doctor.get("patients");
 
```
    This methods will try to infer a name if a table by using Inflector to try to convert it to singular and them plural form, an attempting to see if this model has an appropriate relationship with another model, if one is found. This method of finding of relationships is best used in templating technologies, such as JSPs. For standard cases, please use parent(Class), and getAll(Class).
    Suppressing inference for performance
    
    In some cases, the inference of relationships might take a toll on performance, and if a project is not using the getter method for inference, than it is wise to turn it off with a system property activejdbc.get.inference:
```
         -Dactivejdbc.get.inference = false
     
```
    If inference is turned off, only a value of the attribute is returned.
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute of name or related object.
    
    Returns:
    
    value for attribute.
  - getString
```
public String getString(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as String. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.String, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toString(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to String
  - getBytes
```
public byte[] getBytes(String attributeName)
```
    Gets a value as bytes. If the column is Blob, bytes are read directly, if not, then the value is converted to String first, then string bytes are returned. Be careful out there, this will read entire Blob onto memory.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute
    
    Returns:
    
    value as bytes.
  - getBigDecimal
```
public BigDecimal getBigDecimal(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as java.math.BigDecimal. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.math.BigDecimal, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toBigDecimal(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to java.math.BigDecimal
  - getInteger
```
public Integer getInteger(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Integer. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Integer, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toInteger(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Integer
  - getLong
```
public Long getLong(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Long. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Long, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toLong(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Long
  - getShort
```
public Short getShort(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Short. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Short, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toShort(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Short
  - getFloat
```
public Float getFloat(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Float. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Float, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toFloat(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Float
  - getTime
```
public Time getTime(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as java.sql.Time. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Time, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toTime(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of Timestamp
  - getTimestamp
```
public Timestamp getTimestamp(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as java.sql.Timestamp. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Timestamp, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toTimestamp(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of Timestamp
  - getDouble
```
public Double getDouble(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Double. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Double, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toDouble(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Double
  - getBoolean
```
public Boolean getBoolean(String attributeName)
```
    Gets attribute value as Boolean. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Boolean, given the attribute value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toBoolean(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert
    
    Returns:
    
    value converted to Boolean
  - setString
```
public <T extends Model> T setString(String attributeName,
                                     Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as String. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.String, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toString(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setBigDecimal
```
public <T extends Model> T setBigDecimal(String attributeName,
                                         Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as java.math.BigDecimal. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.math.BigDecimal, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toBigDecimal(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setShort
```
public <T extends Model> T setShort(String attributeName,
                                    Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Short. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Short, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toShort(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setInteger
```
public <T extends Model> T setInteger(String attributeName,
                                      Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Integer. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Integer, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toInteger(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setLong
```
public <T extends Model> T setLong(String attributeName,
                                   Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Long. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Long, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toLong(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setFloat
```
public <T extends Model> T setFloat(String attributeName,
                                    Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Float. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Float, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toFloat(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value to convert.
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setTime
```
public <T extends Model> T setTime(String attributeName,
                                   Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as java.sql.Time. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Time, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toTime(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setTimestamp
```
public <T extends Model> T setTimestamp(String attributeName,
                                        Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as java.sql.Timestamp. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.sql.Timestamp, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toTimestamp(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setDouble
```
public <T extends Model> T setDouble(String attributeName,
                                     Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Double. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Double, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toDouble(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value to convert.
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - setBoolean
```
public <T extends Model> T setBoolean(String attributeName,
                                      Object value)
```
    Sets attribute value as Boolean. If there is a Converter registered for the attribute that converts from Class S to Class java.lang.Boolean, given the value is an instance of S, then it will be used, otherwise performs a conversion using Convert.toBoolean(Object).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute.
    
    value - value
    
    Returns:
    
    reference to this model.
  - getAll
```
public <C extends Model> LazyList<C> getAll(Class<C> clazz)
```
    This methods supports one to many, many to many relationships as well as polymorphic associations.
    In case of one to many, the clazz must be a class of a child model, and it will return a collection of all children.
    In case of many to many, the clazz must be a class of a another related model, and it will return a collection of all related models.
    In case of polymorphic, the clazz must be a class of a polymorphically related model, and it will return a collection of all related models.
    
    Parameters:
    
    clazz - class of a child model for one to many, or class of another model, in case of many to many or class of child in case of polymorphic
    
    Returns:
    
    list of children in case of one to many, or list of other models, in case many to many.
  - get
```
public <C extends Model> LazyList<C> get(Class<C> targetModelClass,
                                         String criteria,
                                         Object... params)
```
    Provides a list of child models in one to many, many to many and polymorphic associations, but in addition also allows to filter this list by criteria.
    1. For one to many, the criteria is against the child table.
    2. For polymorphic association, the criteria is against the child table.
    3. For many to many, the criteria is against the join table. For example, if you have table PROJECTS, ASSIGNMENTS and PROGRAMMERS, where a project has many programmers and a programmer has many projects, and ASSIGNMENTS is a join table, you can write code like this, assuming that the ASSIGNMENTS table has a column duration_weeks:
```
 List threeWeekProjects = programmer.get(Project.class, "duration_weeks = ?", 3);
 
```
    where this list will contain all projects to which this programmer is assigned for 3 weeks.
    Parameters:
    
    targetModelClass - related type
    
    criteria - sub-query for join table.
    
    params - parameters for a sub-query
    
    Returns:
    
    list of relations in many to many
  - validateNumericalityOf
```
protected static NumericValidationBuilder validateNumericalityOf(String... attributeNames)
```
  - addValidator
```
public static ValidationBuilder addValidator(Validator validator)
```
    Adds a validator to the model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    validator - new validator.
  - addScope
```
protected static void addScope(String name,
                               String criteria)
```
    Use in a static block of a model definotion to add a scope.
    
    Parameters:
    
    name - name of scope
    
    criteria - SQL criteria for the scope filter
  - addError
```
public void addError(String key,
                     String value)
```
    Adds a new error to the collection of errors. This is a convenience method to be used from custom validators.
    
    Parameters:
    
    key - - key wy which this error can be retrieved from a collection of errors: errors().
    
    value - - this is a key of the message in the resource bundle.
    
    See Also:
    
    Messages
  - removeValidator
```
public static void removeValidator(Validator validator)
```
    Removes a validator from model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    validator - validator to remove. It needs to be an exact reference validator instance to remove. If argument was not added to this model before, this method will do nothing.
  - getValidators
```
public static List<Validator> getValidators(Class<? extends Model> clazz)
```
  - validateRegexpOf
```
protected static ValidationBuilder validateRegexpOf(String attributeName,
                                                    String pattern)
```
    Validates an attribite format with a ree hand regular expression.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - attribute to validate.
    
    pattern - regexp pattern which must match the value.
  - validateEmailOf
```
protected static ValidationBuilder validateEmailOf(String attributeName)
```
    Validates email format.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute that holds email value.
  - validateRange
```
protected static ValidationBuilder validateRange(String attributeName,
                                                 Number min,
                                                 Number max)
```
    Validates range. Accepted types are all java.lang.Number subclasses: Byte, Short, Integer, Long, Float, Double BigDecimal.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - attribute to validate - should be within range.
    
    min - min value of range.
    
    max - max value of range.
  - validatePresenceOf
```
protected static ValidationBuilder validatePresenceOf(String... attributeNames)
```
    The validation will not pass if the value is either an empty string "", or null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeNames - list of attributes to validate.
  - validateWith
```
protected static ValidationBuilder validateWith(Validator validator)
```
    Add a custom validator to the model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    validator - custom validator.
  - convertWith
```
protected static void convertWith(Converter converter,
                                  String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers a custom converter for the specified attributes.
    
    Parameters:
    
    converter - custom converter
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - convertDate
```
protected static ValidationBuilder convertDate(String attributeName,
                                               String format)
```
    Converts a named attribute to java.sql.Date if possible. Acts as a validator if cannot make a conversion.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert to java.sql.Date.
    
    format - format for conversion. Refer to SimpleDateFormat
    
    Returns:
    
    message passing for custom validation message.
  - convertTimestamp
```
protected static ValidationBuilder convertTimestamp(String attributeName,
                                                    String format)
```
    Converts a named attribute to java.sql.Timestamp if possible. Acts as a validator if cannot make a conversion.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeName - name of attribute to convert to java.sql.Timestamp.
    
    format - format for conversion. Refer to SimpleDateFormat
    
    Returns:
    
    message passing for custom validation message.
  - dateFormat
```
protected static void dateFormat(String pattern,
                                 String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers date format for specified attributes. This format will be used to convert between Date -> String -> java.sql.Date when using the appropriate getters and setters.
    For example:
    public class Person extends Model { static { dateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy", "dob"); } } Person p = new Person(); // will convert String -> java.sql.Date p.setDate("dob", "02/29/2000"); // will convert Date -> String, if dob value in model is of type Date String str = p.getString("dob"); // will convert Date -> String p.setString("dob", new Date()); // will convert String -> java.sql.Date, if dob value in model is of type String Date date = p.getDate("dob");
    Parameters:
    
    pattern - pattern to use for conversion
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - dateFormat
```
protected static void dateFormat(DateFormat format,
                                 String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers date format for specified attributes. This format will be used to convert between Date -> String -> java.sql.Date when using the appropriate getters and setters.
    See example in dateFormat(String, String...).
    
    Parameters:
    
    format - format to use for conversion
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - timestampFormat
```
protected static void timestampFormat(String pattern,
                                      String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers date format for specified attributes. This format will be used to convert between Date -> String -> java.sql.Timestamp when using the appropriate getters and setters.
    For example:
    public class Person extends Model { static { timestampFormat("MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm a", "birth_datetime"); } } Person p = new Person(); // will convert String -> java.sql.Timestamp p.setTimestamp("birth_datetime", "02/29/2000 12:07 PM"); // will convert Date -> String, if dob value in model is of type Date or java.sql.Timestamp String str = p.getString("birth_datetime"); // will convert Date -> String p.setString("birth_datetime", new Date()); // will convert String -> java.sql.Timestamp, if dob value in model is of type String Timestamp ts = p.getTimestamp("birth_datetime");
    Parameters:
    
    pattern - pattern to use for conversion
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - timestampFormat
```
protected static void timestampFormat(DateFormat format,
                                      String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers date format for specified attributes. This format will be used to convert between Date -> String -> java.sql.Timestamp when using the appropriate getters and setters.
    See example in timestampFormat(String, String...).
    
    Parameters:
    
    format - format to use for conversion
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - blankToNull
```
protected static void blankToNull(String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers BlankToNullConverter for specified attributes. This will convert instances of String that are empty or contain only whitespaces to null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - zeroToNull
```
protected static void zeroToNull(String... attributeNames)
```
    Registers ZeroToNullConverter for specified attributes. This will convert instances of Number that are zero to null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeNames - attribute names
  - belongsTo
```
public static boolean belongsTo(Class<? extends Model> targetClass)
```
  - callbackWith
```
public static void callbackWith(CallbackListener... listeners)
```
    Sets lifecycle listeners on current model. All previous listeners will be unregistered. In case you are using cache in the current model, it is recommended to reset this model's caches before calling this method in order to avoid a potential logical error.
    
    Parameters:
    
    listeners - list of lifecycle listeners
  - isValid
```
public boolean isValid()
```
    This method performs validations and then returns true if no errors were generated, otherwise returns false.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if no errors were generated, otherwise returns false.
  - validate
```
public void validate()
```
    Executes all validators attached to this model.
  - hasErrors
```
public boolean hasErrors()
```
  - addValidator
```
public void addValidator(Validator validator,
                         String errorKey)
```
    Binds a validator to an attribute if validation fails.
    
    Parameters:
    
    errorKey - key of error in errors map. Usually this is a name of attribute, but not limited to that, can be anything.
    
    validator - -validator that failed validation.
  - errors
```
public Errors errors()
```
    Provides an instance of Errors object, filled with error messages after validation.
    
    Returns:
    
    an instance of Errors object, filled with error messages after validation.
  - errors
```
public Errors errors(Locale locale)
```
    Provides an instance of localized Errors object, filled with error messages after validation.
    
    Parameters:
    
    locale - locale.
    
    Returns:
    
    an instance of localized Errors object, filled with error messages after validation.
  - create
```
public static <T extends Model> T create(Object... namesAndValues)
```
    This is a convenience method to create a model instance already initialized with values. Example:
```
 Person p = Person.create("name", "Sam", "last_name", "Margulis", "dob", "2001-01-07");
 
```
    The first (index 0) and every other element in the array is an attribute name, while the second (index 1) and every other is a corresponding value. This allows for better readability of code. If you just read this aloud, it will become clear.
    Parameters:
    
    namesAndValues - names and values. elements at indexes 0, 2, 4, 8... are attribute names, and elements at indexes 1, 3, 5... are values. Element at index 1 is a value for attribute at index 0 and so on.
    
    Returns:
    
    newly instantiated model.
  - set
```
public <T extends Model> T set(Object... namesAndValues)
```
    This is a convenience method to set multiple values to a model. Example:
```
 Person p = ...
 Person p = p.set("name", "Sam", "last_name", "Margulis", "dob", "2001-01-07");
 
```
    The first (index 0) and every other element in the array is an attribute name, while the second (index 1) and every other is a corresponding value. This allows for better readability of code. If you just read this aloud, it will become clear.
    Parameters:
    
    namesAndValues - names and values. elements at indexes 0, 2, 4, 8... are attribute names, and elements at indexes 1, 3, 5... are values. Element at index 1 is a value for attribute at index 0 and so on.
    
    Returns:
    
    newly instantiated model.
  - createIt
```
public static <T extends Model> T createIt(Object... namesAndValues)
```
    This is a convenience method to create(Object...). It will create a new model and will save it to DB. It has the same semantics as saveIt().
    
    Parameters:
    
    namesAndValues - names and values. elements at indexes 0, 2, 4, 8... are attribute names, and elements at indexes 1, 3, 5... are values. Element at index 1 is a value for attribute at index 0 and so on.
    
    Returns:
    
    newly instantiated model which also has been saved to DB.
  - findById
```
public static <T extends Model> T findById(Object id)
```
  - findByCompositeKeys
```
public static <T extends Model> T findByCompositeKeys(Object... values)
```
    Composite PK values in exactly the same order as specified in CompositePK.
    
    Parameters:
    
    values - Composite PK values in exactly the same order as specified in CompositePK.
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of a found model, or null if nothing found.
    
    See Also:
    
    CompositePK
  - where
```
public static <T extends Model> LazyList<T> where(String subquery,
                                                  Object... params)
```
    Finder method for DB queries based on table represented by this model. Usually the SQL starts with: "select * from table_name where " + subquery where table_name is a table represented by this model. Code example:
```
 List teenagers = Person.where("age > ? and age < ?", 12, 20);
 // iterate...

 //same can be achieved (since parameters are optional):
 List teenagers = Person.where("age > 12 and age < 20");
 //iterate
 
```
    Limit, offset and order by can be chained like this:
```
 List teenagers = Person.where("age > ? and age < ?", 12, 20).offset(101).limit(20).orderBy(age);
 //iterate
 
```
    This is a great way to build paged applications.
    Parameters:
    
    subquery - this is a set of conditions that normally follow the "where" clause. Example: "department = ? and dob > ?". If this value is "*" and no parameters provided, then findAll() is executed.
    
    params - list of parameters corresponding to the place holders in the subquery.
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of LazyList containing results.
  - scopes
```
public static <T extends Model> ScopeBuilder<T> scopes(String... scopes)
```
    Allows to specify multiple scopes as filters such as:
```
     List activeDevelopers = Employee.scopes("developers", "active").all();
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    scopes - list of scopes to use as filters.
    
    Returns:
    
    selected objects from database based on scope filters.
  - scope
```
public static <T extends Model> ScopeBuilder<T> scope(String scope)
```
    Allows to specify multiple scopes as filters such as:
```
     List developers = Employee.scope("developers").all();
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    scope - a scope to use as a filter.
    
    Returns:
    
    selected objects from database based on scope filters.
  - find
```
public static <T extends Model> LazyList<T> find(String subquery,
                                                 Object... params)
```
    Synonym of where(String, Object...)
    
    Parameters:
    
    subquery - this is a set of conditions that normally follow the "where" clause. Example: "department = ? and dob > ?". If this value is "*" and no parameters provided, then findAll() is executed.
    
    params - list of parameters corresponding to the place holders in the subquery.
    
    Returns:
    
    instance of LazyList containing results.
  - findFirst
```
public static <T extends Model> T findFirst(String subQuery,
                                            Object... params)
```
    Synonym of first(String, Object...).
    Parameters:
    subQuery - selection criteria, example:
    Person johnTheTeenager = Person.findFirst("name = ? and age > 13 and age < 19 order by age", "John")
    Sometimes a query might be just a clause like this:
    Person oldest = Person.findFirst("order by age desc")
    params - list of parameters if question marks are used as placeholders
    
    Returns:
    
    a first result for this condition. May return null if nothing found.
  - first
```
public static <T extends Model> T first(String subQuery,
                                        Object... params)
```
    Returns a first result for this condition. May return null if nothing found. If last result is needed, then order by some field and call this nethod: Synonym of findFirst(String, Object...).
```
 //first:
 Person youngestTeenager= Person.first("age > 12 and age < 20 order by age");

 //last:
 Person oldestTeenager= Person.first("age > 12 and age < 20 order by age desc");
 
```
    Parameters:
    subQuery - selection criteria, example:
    Person johnTheTeenager = Person.first("name = ? and age < 13 order by age", "John")
    Sometimes a query might be just a clause like this:
    Person p = Person.first("order by age desc")
    params - list of parameters if question marks are used as placeholders
    
    Returns:
    
    a first result for this condition. May return null if nothing found.
  - findWith
```
public static void findWith(ModelListener listener,
                            String query,
                            Object... params)
```
    This method is for processing really large result sets. Results found by this method are never cached.
    
    Parameters:
    
    listener - this is a call back implementation which will receive instances of models found.
    
    query - sub-query (content after "WHERE" clause)
    
    params - optional parameters for a query.
  - findBySQL
```
public static <T extends Model> LazyList<T> findBySQL(String fullQuery,
                                                      Object... params)
```
    Free form query finder. Example:
```
 List rules = Rule.findBySQL("select rule.*, goal_identifier from rule, goal where goal.goal_id = rule.goal_id order by goal_identifier asc, rule_type desc");
 
```
    Ensure that the query returns all columns associated with this model, so that the resulting models could hydrate themselves properly. Returned columns that are not part of this model will be ignored, but can be used for clauses like above.
    Type Parameters:
    
    T - - class that extends Model.
    
    Parameters:
    
    fullQuery - free-form SQL.
    
    params - parameters if query is parametrized.
    
    Returns:
    
    list of models representing result set.
  - findAll
```
public static <T extends Model> LazyList<T> findAll()
```
    This method returns all records from this table. If you need to get a subset, look for variations of "find()".
    
    Returns:
    
    result list
  - add
```
public void add(Model child)
```
    Adds a new child dependency. This method works for all three association types:
    - One to many - argument model should be a child in the relationship. This method will immediately set it's ID as a foreign key on the child and will then save the child.
    - Many to many - argument model should be the other model in the relationship. This method will check if the added child already has an ID. If the child does have an ID, then the method will create a link in the join table. If the child does not have an ID, then this method saves the child first, then creates a record in the join table linking this model instance and the child instance.
    - Polymorphic - argument model should be a polymorphic child of this model. This method will set the parent_id and parent_type as appropriate and then will then save the child.
    This method will throw a NotAssociatedException in case a model that has no relationship is passed.
    Parameters:
    
    child - instance of a model that has a relationship to the current model. Either one to many or many to many relationships are accepted.
  - addModels
```
public <T extends Model> void addModels(List<T> models)
```
    Convenience method. Calls add(Model) one at the time for each member of the list. All rules of the add(Model) method apply.
    
    Parameters:
    
    models - list of model instances to add to this one.
  - remove
```
public int remove(Model child)
```
    Removes associated child from this instance. The child model should be either in belongs to association (including polymorphic) to this model or many to many association.
    One to many and polymorphic associations
    This method will simply call child.delete() method. This will render the child object frozen.
    Many to many associations
    This method will remove an associated record from the join table, and will do nothing to the child model or record.
    This method will throw a NotAssociatedException in case a model that has no relationship is passed.
    
    Parameters:
    
    child - model representing a "child" as in one to many or many to many association with this model.
    
    Returns:
    
    number of records affected
  - saveIt
```
public boolean saveIt()
```
    This method will not exit silently like save(), it instead will throw ValidationException if validations did not pass.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the model was saved, false if you set an ID value for the model, but such ID does not exist in DB.
  - reset
```
public void reset()
```
    Resets all data in this model, including the ID. After this method, this instance is equivalent to an empty, just created instance.
  - thaw
```
public void thaw()
```
    Unfreezes this model. After this method it is possible again to call save() and saveIt() methods. This method will erase the value of ID on this instance, while preserving all other attributes' values. If a record was deleted, it is frozen and cannot be saved. After it is thawed, it can be saved again, but it will generate a new insert statement and create a new record in the table with all the same attribute values.
    Synonym for defrost().
  - defrost
```
public void defrost()
```
    Synonym for thaw().
  - save
```
public boolean save()
```
    This method will save data from this instance to a corresponding table in the DB. It will generate insert SQL if the model is new, or update if the model exists in the DB. This method will execute all associated validations and if those validations generate errors, these errors are attached to this instance. Errors are available by {#link #errors() } method. The save() method is mostly for web applications, where code like this is written:
```
 if(person.save())
      //show page success
 else{
      request.setAttribute("errors", person.errors());
      //show errors page, or same page so that user can correct errors.
   }
 
```
    In other words, this method will not throw validation exceptions. However, if there is a problem in the DB, then there can be a runtime exception thrown.
    Returns:
    
    true if a model was saved and false if values did not pass validations and the record was not saved. False will also be returned if you set an ID value for the model, but such ID does not exist in DB.
  - count
```
public static Long count()
```
    Returns total count of records in table.
    
    Returns:
    
    total count of records in table.
  - count
```
public static Long count(String query,
                         Object... params)
```
    Returns count of records in table under a condition.
    
    Parameters:
    
    query - query to select records to count.
    
    params - parameters (if any) for the query.
    
    Returns:
    
    count of records in table under a condition.
  - insert
```
public boolean insert()
```
    This method will save a model as new. In other words, it will not try to guess if this is a new record or a one that exists in the table. It does not have the "belt and suspenders" protections. It will simply generate and execute an insert statement, assuming that developer knows what he/she is doing.
    Additionally, this method will set the updated_at and created_at attributes on this instance to current time. In case the insertion fails, these attributes will stay changed anyway.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if model was saved, false if not
  - getTableName
```
public static String getTableName()
```
    Returns name of corresponding table.
    
    Returns:
    
    name of corresponding table.
  - getId
```
public Object getId()
```
    Value of ID.
    
    Returns:
    
    of ID.
    
    See Also:
    
    getLongId()
  - getIdName
```
public String getIdName()
```
    Name of ID column.
    
    Returns:
    
    Name of ID column.
  - getCompositeKeys
```
public String[] getCompositeKeys()
```
    Provides a list of composite keys as specified in CompositePK.
    
    Returns:
    
    a list of composite keys as specified in CompositePK.
  - setChildren
```
protected void setChildren(Class childClass,
                           List<Model> children)
```
  - manageTime
```
public void manageTime(boolean manage)
```
    Turns off automatic management of time-related attributes created_at and updated_at. If management of time attributes is turned off,
    
    Parameters:
    
    manage - if true, the attributes are managed by the model. If false, they are managed by developer.
  - toInsert
```
public String toInsert(String... replacements)
```
    Generates INSERT SQL based on this model. Uses the dialect associated with this model database to format the value literals. Example:
```
 String sql = user.toInsert();
 //yields this output:
 //INSERT INTO users (id, email, first_name, last_name) VALUES (1, 'mmonroe@yahoo.com', 'Marilyn', 'Monroe')
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    replacements - an array of strings, where odd values are to be replaced in the values of the attributes and even values are replacements. For instance, your value is "O'Donnel", which contains a single quote. In order to escape/replace it, you can: person.toInsert(dialect, "'", "''"), which will escape a single quote by two single quotes.
    
    Returns:
    
    INSERT SQL based on this model.
  - toInsert
```
public String toInsert(Dialect dialect,
                       String... replacements)
```
    Generates INSERT SQL based on this model with the provided dialect. Example:
```
 String sql = user.toInsert(new MySQLDialect());
 //yields this output:
 //INSERT INTO users (id, email, first_name, last_name) VALUES (1, 'mmonroe@yahoo.com', 'Marilyn', 'Monroe')
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    dialect - dialect to be used to generate the SQL
    
    replacements - an array of strings, where odd values are to be replaced in the values of the attributes and even values are replacements. For instance, your value is "O'Donnel", which contains a single quote. In order to escape/replace it, you can: person.toUpdate(dialect, "'", "''"), which will escape a single quote by two single quotes.
    
    Returns:
    
    INSERT SQL based on this model.
  - toUpdate
```
public String toUpdate(String... replacements)
```
    Generates UPDATE SQL based on this model. Uses the dialect associated with this model database to format the value literals. Example:
```
 String sql = user.toUpdate();
 //yields this output:
 //UPDATE users SET email = 'mmonroe@yahoo.com', first_name = 'Marilyn', last_name = 'Monroe' WHERE id = 1
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    replacements - an array of strings, where odd values are to be replaced in the values of the attributes and even values are replacements. For instance, your value is "O'Donnel", which contains a single quote. In order to escape/replace it, you can: person.toUpdate(dialect, "'", "''"), which will escape a single quote by two single quotes.
    
    Returns:
    
    UPDATE SQL based on this model.
  - toUpdate
```
public String toUpdate(Dialect dialect,
                       String... replacements)
```
    Generates UPDATE SQL based on this model with the provided dialect. Example:
```
 String sql = user.toUpdate(new MySQLDialect());
 //yields this output:
 //UPDATE users SET email = 'mmonroe@yahoo.com', first_name = 'Marilyn', last_name = 'Monroe' WHERE id = 1
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    dialect - dialect to be used to generate the SQL
    
    replacements - an array of strings, where odd values are to be replaced in the values of the attributes and even values are replacements. For instance, your value is "O'Donnel", which contains a single quote. In order to escape/replace it, you can: person.toUpdate(dialect, "'", "''"), which will escape a single quote by two single quotes.
    
    Returns:
    
    UPDATE SQL based on this model.
  - isCached
```
public static boolean isCached()
```
    Returns:
    
    true if this models has a Cached annotation.
  - purgeCache
```
public static void purgeCache()
```
    Use to force-purge cache associated with this table. If this table is not cached, this method has no side effect.
  - getLongId
```
public Long getLongId()
```
    Convenience method: converts ID value to Long and returns it.
    
    Returns:
    
    value of attribute corresponding to getIdName(), converted to Long.
  - writeExternal
```
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
                   throws IOException
```
    Specified by:
    
    writeExternal in interface Externalizable
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - readExternal
```
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
                  throws IOException,
                         ClassNotFoundException
```
    Specified by:
    
    readExternal in interface Externalizable
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
    
    ClassNotFoundException
  - beforeSave
```
protected void beforeSave()
```
  - afterLoad
```
protected void afterLoad()
```
  - afterSave
```
protected void afterSave()
```
  - beforeCreate
```
protected void beforeCreate()
```
  - afterCreate
```
protected void afterCreate()
```
  - beforeUpdate
```
protected void beforeUpdate()
```
  - afterUpdate
```
protected void afterUpdate()
```
  - beforeDelete
```
protected void beforeDelete()
```
  - afterDelete
```
protected void afterDelete()
```
  - beforeValidation
```
protected void beforeValidation()
```
  - afterValidation
```
protected void afterValidation()
```

Class Model

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

Model

Model

Method Detail

getMetaModel

metaModel

getAttributes

dirtyAttributeNames

fromMap

findOrCreateIt

findOrInit

hydrate

setId

setDate

getDate

set

set

isModified

isFrozen

modified

attributeNames

associations

isNew

frozen

delete

delete

deleteCascade

deleteCascadeExcept

deleteCascadeShallow

One to many and polymorphic associations

Many to many associations

deleteChildrenShallow

One to many and polymorphic associations

Many to many associations

delete

exists

exists

deleteAll

update

updateAll

toMap

toString

fromXml

toXml

toXmlP

beforeClosingTag

toJson

toJsonP

beforeClosingBrace

parent

parent

setCachedParent

setParents

setParent

copyTo

copyFrom

refresh

get

Infer relationship from name of argument

Suppressing inference for performance

getString

getBytes

getBigDecimal

getInteger

getLong

getShort

getFloat

getTime

getTimestamp

getDouble

getBoolean

setString

setBigDecimal

setShort

setInteger

setLong